Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

Overview:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme necessary for the catalytic reaction of certain metabolic enzymes found in all living cells (1). It consists of two nucleosides joined by a pyrophosphate (2). Enzymes catalyze the reversable transfer of a hydride ion (H-) from the substrate molecule to NAD to form the reduced product NADH. The reaction is easily reversible, when NADH reduces another molecule and is re-oxidized to NAD+. Thus, the coenzyme can continuously cycle between the NAD+ and NADH forms without being consumed (3). Laboratory applications of this enzyme include biocatalytic synthesis reactions, and kinetic studies. It can also be used as a cofactor in various diagnostic tests.

References:

1. Pollak N, Dölle C, Ziegler M. The power to reduce: pyridine nucleotides--small molecules with a multitude of functions. Biochem J. 2007 Mar 1;402(2):205-18. doi: 10.1042/BJ20061638. PMID: 17295611; PMCID: PMC1798440.
2. Alfred D. Winer. Crystallization of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Volume 239, Issue 10,1964, Pages PC3598-PC3600, ISSN 0021-9258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)97765-3.
3. Katsyuba E, Romani M, Hofer D, Auwerx J. NAD+ homeostasis in health and disease. Nat Metab. 2020 Jan;2(1):9-31. doi: 10.1038/s42255-019-0161-5. Epub 2020 Jan 20. PMID: 32694684.

Storage and Stability:

Transport product sealed, dry, and protected from light at ambient temperature, but long-term storage should be at 2-8°C

CAS number:

53-84-9

Alternative name(s):

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Coenzyme-I, β-NAD+, Diphosphopyridine nucleotide, β-NAD, β-DPN, DPN, Nadide, NAD, Cozymase, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (free acid)

Molecular Structure:

Molecular Formula:

C21H27N7O14P2

Appearance:

White or off-white crystalline powder

Molecular Weight:

663.43 g/mol

Purity Analysis:

Purity: ≥98%
Assay (on anhydrous basis): 97-103.0%
Sodium Content: ≤1%
Water Content: ≤5%
Pb: <0.5 ppm
As: <0.5 ppm
Hg: <0.1 ppm
Cd: <0.5 ppm
Total Microbe: <750 CFU/g
Coliform: ≤0.92 MPN/g
Mold and Yeast: ≤25 CFU/g
Staphylococcus aureus: Negative
Salmonella: Negative
Plasticizer: Conforms

pH of Solution:

2.0-4.0 (10 mg/mL water)